How codeine metabolism affects its clinical use – The Pharmaceutical Journal
Codeine is an opioid medication commonly used to treat mild to moderate pain and to reduce coughing. It belongs to a class of drugs known as opiates, which are derived from the opium poppy. Codeine works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, which helps to decrease the perception of pain and suppress the cough reflex.
Key Features of Codeine:
- Pain Relief: Codeine is often prescribed for the relief of mild to moderate pain, sometimes in combination with other pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or aspirin.
- Cough Suppressant: It is also used as an antitussive (cough suppressant) to help reduce coughing, particularly in cases of a dry or persistent cough.
- Dosage Forms: Codeine is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and syrups.
- Addiction and Abuse Potential: Codeine can be habit-forming and is associated with the risk of addiction, particularly with prolonged use. Its misuse can lead to dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and overdose.
- Side Effects: Common side effects of codeine include drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. In higher doses or in sensitive individuals, it can cause more severe side effects such as respiratory depression.
- Legal Status: Due to its potential for abuse, codeine is regulated under controlled substance laws in many countries, meaning it requires a prescription from a healthcare provider.
Medical Considerations:
- Use in Special Populations: Codeine is not recommended for use in children, particularly after surgeries like tonsillectomies, due to the risk of severe breathing problems.
- Metabolism: Codeine is metabolized in the liver to morphine, which is responsible for its analgesic effects. However, genetic differences in metabolism can lead to variations in how individuals respond to the drug.
If you have any specific questions about codeine or need further details, feel free to ask!
